Overview
A single-player Tic-Tac-Toe game running entirely on an FPGA, with no CPU or microcontroller involved. The board is drawn and updated over VGA, and the opponent is a minimax search implemented directly in Verilog logic, with alpha-beta pruning to keep the search tree small enough to run in hardware.
How it works
Display
The board and marks are rendered through a VGA timing generator built in Verilog, driving the game state directly to a monitor without any frame buffer library or OS layer to lean on.
Opponent logic
The AI move is chosen with minimax search over the remaining board states. Alpha-beta pruning cuts branches of the search tree that cannot affect the final decision, which matters more on an FPGA than in software since every branch explored costs real logic and cycles rather than being effectively free.
← Back to all projects